H.R. 5449

Redistricting Reform Act of 2025 This bill sets forth requirements for congressional redistricting and generally prohibits mid-decade redistricting. Specifically, the bill requires that congressional redistricting be conducted in accordance with a plan developed by (1) a state-established independent commission; or (2) if such a commission does not enact a plan, a three-judge panel from a U.S. District Court. This requirement does not apply to a state that has a plan developed and approved by an independent redistricting commission that complies with specified requirements. The bill outlines the criteria for a redistricting plan, including that congressional districts must be drawn to (1) ensure the practical ability of a protected group to participate in the political process, nominate candidates, and elect representatives of choice; and (2) represent communities of interest and neighborhoods. Additionally, the bill prohibits the use of a redistricting plan that was drawn with the intent (or has the effect of) materially favoring or disfavoring any political party. Further, the bill establishes the requirements for appointing members to a state-established independent redistricting commission, including diversity requirements. The Government Accountability Office must report on the extent to which these commissions meet the diversity requirements. The bill includes a provision to prevent states from redistricting more than once following an apportionment (i.e., mid-decade redistricting). The bill also directs the Election Assistance Commission to make payments to states to carry out congressional redistricting.